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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltam | om köβalalt |
| 2SG: | köβalaltat | ot köβalalt |
| 3SG: | köβalalteš | ok/ogeš köβalalt |
| 1PL: | köβalaltə̑na | ona/ogə̑na köβalalt |
| 2PL: | köβalaltə̑da | oda/ogə̑da köβalalt |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑t | ogə̑t köβalalt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltə̑m | šə̑m köβalalt |
| 2SG: | köβalaltə̑č́ | šə̑č́ köβalalt |
| 3SG: | köβalalte | ə̑š köβalalt |
| 1PL: | köβalaltna | ə̑šna köβalalt |
| 2PL: | köβalaltda | ə̑šda köβalalt |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑č́ | ə̑št köβalalt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltə̑nam | köβalaltə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | köβalaltə̑nat | köβalaltə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | köβalaltə̑n | köβalaltə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | köβalaltə̑nna | köβalaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | köβalaltə̑nda | köβalaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑nə̑t | köβalaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltam ə̑l'e | om köβalalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | köβalaltat ə̑l'e | ot köβalalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | köβalalteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš köβalalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | köβalaltə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na köβalalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | köβalaltə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da köβalalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t köβalalt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltam ulmaš | om köβalalt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | köβalaltat ulmaš | ot köβalalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | köβalalteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš köβalalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | köβalaltə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na köβalalt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | köβalaltə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da köβalalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t köβalalt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltə̑nam ə̑l'e | köβalaltə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | köβalaltə̑nat ə̑l'e | köβalaltə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | köβalaltə̑n ə̑l'e | köβalaltə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | köβalaltə̑nna ə̑l'e | köβalaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | köβalaltə̑nda ə̑l'e | köβalaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | köβalaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltə̑nam ulmaš | köβalaltə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | köβalaltə̑nat ulmaš | köβalaltə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | köβalaltə̑n ulmaš | köβalaltə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | köβalaltə̑nna ulmaš | köβalaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | köβalaltə̑nda ulmaš | köβalaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑nə̑t ulmaš | köβalaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | köβalalt | it köβalalt |
| 3SG: | köβalaltše | ə̑nže köβalalt |
| 1PL: | (köβalaltə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na köβalalt) |
| 2PL: | köβalaltsa | ida köβalalt |
| 3PL: | köβalaltə̑št | ə̑nə̑št köβalalt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltnem | ə̑nem köβalalt |
| 2SG: | köβalaltnet | ə̑net köβalalt |
| 3SG: | köβalaltneže | ə̑než köβalalt |
| 1PL: | köβalaltnena | ə̑nena köβalalt |
| 2PL: | köβalaltneda | ə̑neda köβalalt |
| 3PL: | köβalaltnešt | ə̑nešt köβalalt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köβalaltnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem köβalalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | köβalaltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net köβalalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | köβalaltneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než köβalalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | köβalaltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena köβalalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | köβalaltneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda köβalalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | köβalaltnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt köβalalt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | köβalaltnet ulmaš | ə̑net köβalalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | köβalaltneže ulmaš | ə̑než köβalalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | köβalaltneda ulmaš | ə̑neda köβalalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | köβalaltnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt köβalalt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | köβalaltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | köβalaltman |
| Active participle: | köβalaltše |
| Passive participle: | köβalaltme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | köβalaltšaš |
| Negative participle: | köβalaltdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | köβalaltə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | köβalaltde |
| Gerund of prior action: | köβalaltmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | köβalaltmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | köβalaltšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | köβalaltmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | köβalaltdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||